Salt Lake City – An anti-clotting drug used to treat strokes and heart attacks can also restore blood flow to frostbitten fingers and limbs, greatly reducing the need for amputation, according to a new study.
Doctors at the University of Utah who conducted the research on a small sample of patients hope it marks the start of a move beyond the traditional – and limited – treatment for frostbite.
“What it does is help to rescue that tissue that is damaged but not yet dead,” said Dr. Stephen Morris, an authorof the study, which was released Monday in the Archives of Surgery medical journal.
Patients who received the thrombolytic therapy at the university’s burn center were more likely to keep their frostbitten fingers and toes.
Thrombolytic therapy is not new, but it has been difficult to study because not every frostbite victim is a candidate. People already on blood thinners or someone who has suffered a head injury would be at risk for serious complications.
Dr. John Twomey, burn director at the Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis, first tried the therapy about 20 years ago and has treated 18 other patients with it since.
Twomey said treatment for frostbite has been limited to warming affected tissue and waiting to see how much would survive. “We saw all these frostbitten patients come in, and there was absolutely nothing we could do to alter their disease,” he said.
In the Utah study, six patients who were treated with a drug called tissue plasminogen activator, or tPA, within 24 hours of injury were compared with 25 other patients who did not receive the drug, and one patient who got the anti-clotting drug later than the 24-hour window.
Among patients receiving tPA within 24 hours, only six of 59 fingers or toes were removed, or about 10 percent.
In the other group, 97 of 234 affected digits were amputated, or about 41 percent.
