WASHINGTON — An epidemic of obesity is compromising the lives of millions of American children, with burgeoning problems that reveal how much more vulnerable young bodies are to the toxic effects of fat.
In ways only beginning to be understood, being overweight at a young age appears to be far more destructive to well-being than adding excess pounds later in life. Virtually every major organ is at risk. The greater damage is probably irreversible.
Doctors are seeing confirmation of this daily: boys and girls in elementary school suffering from high blood pressure, high cholesterol and painful joint conditions; a soaring incidence of type 2 diabetes, once a rarity in pediatricians’ offices; even a spike in child gallstones, also once a singularly adult affliction. Minority youths are most severely affected because so many are pushing the scales into the most dangerous territory.
With one in three children in this country overweight or worse, the future health and productivity of an entire generation — and a nation — could be in jeopardy.
“There’s a huge burden of disease that we can anticipate from the growing obesity in kids,” said William H. Dietz, director of the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity at the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “This is a wave that is just moving through the population.”
The trouble is a quarter-century of unprecedented growth in girth. Although the rest of the nation is much heavier, too, among those ages 6 to 19, the rate of obesity more than tripled.
Because studies indicate that many will never overcome their being overweight — up to 80 percent of obese teens become obese adults — experts fear an exponential increase in heart disease, strokes, cancer and other health problems as the children move into their 20s and beyond. The evidence suggests that these conditions could occur decades sooner and could greatly diminish the quality of their lives.
Many could find themselves disabled in what otherwise would be their most productive years.
The cumulative effect could be the country’s first generation destined to have a shorter life span than its predecessor. A 2005 analysis by a team of scientists forecast a two- to five-year drop in life expectancy unless aggressive action manages to reverse obesity rates. Since then, children have only gotten fatter.
The epidemic is expected to add billions of dollars to the U.S. health care bill. Treating a child with obesity is three times more costly than treating the average child, according to a study by Thomson Reuters.
The research company pegged the country’s overall expense of care for overweight youths at $14 billion annually. A substantial portion is for hospital services because those patients go more frequently to the emergency room and are two to three times more likely to be admitted.
Childhood obesity is nothing less than “a national catastrophe,” acting U.S. Surgeon General Steven Galson has declared. The individual toll is equally tragic.
“Many of these kids may never escape the corrosive health, psychosocial and economic costs of their obesity,” said Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, president of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, which has committed at least $500 million over five years to the problem.
Physical therapist Brian H. Wrotniak, who works with overweight youths at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, hears resignation more than anger in his patients’ voices. “They complain of simple things like tying their shoes. They can’t bend down and tie their shoes because excess fat gets in the way,” he said.
Their usual solution: Velcro sneakers.
The emotional distress of these ailments, combined with the social stigma of being fat, makes overweight children prone to psychiatric and behavioral troubles. One analysis found that obese youths were seven times more likely to be depressed.
