PORTERVILLE, Calif. — National forests and parks — long popular with Mexican marijuana-growing cartels — have become home to some of the most polluted pockets of wilderness in America because of the toxic chemicals needed to eke lucrative harvests from rocky mountainsides, federal officials said.
The grow sites have taken hold from the West Coast’s Cascade Mountains to federal lands in Kentucky, Tennessee and West Virginia.
Seven hundred grow sites were discovered on U.S. Forest Service land in California alone in 2007 and 2008 — and authorities say the 1,800-square-mile Sequoia National Forest is the hardest-hit.
Weed and bug sprays, some long banned in the U.S., have been smuggled to the marijuana farms. Plant growth hormones have been dumped into streams, and the water has then been diverted for miles in PVC pipes.
Rat poison has been sprinkled over the landscape to keep animals away. And many sites are strewn with the carcasses of deer and bears poached by workers during the five-month growing season that is now ending.
“What’s going on on public lands is a crisis at every level,” said Forest Service agent Ron Pugh. “These are America’s most precious resources, and they are being devastated by an unprecedented commercial enterprise conducted by armed foreign nationals. It is a huge mess.”
The first documented marijuana cartels were discovered in Sequoia National Park in 1998. Officials say tighter border controls after Sept. 11, 2001, led industrial-scale growers to move their operations into the United States.
Millions of dollars are spent every year to find and uproot marijuana-growing operations on state and federal lands, but federal officials say no money is budgeted to clean up the environmental mess left behind. They are encouraged that Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., who last year secured funding for eradication, has inquired about the pollution problems.
In the meantime, the only cleanup is done by volunteers. On Tuesday, the nonprofit High Sierra Trail Crew, founded to improve access to public lands, plans to take 30 people deep into the Sequoia National Forest to carry out miles of drip irrigation pipe, tons of human garbage, volatile propane canisters, and bags and bottles of herbicides and pesticides.
“If the people of California knew what was going on out there, they’d be up in arms about this,” said Shane Krogen, the nonprofit’s executive director. “Helicopters full of dope are like body counts in the Vietnam War. What does it really mean?”
Last year, law enforcement agents uprooted nearly 5 million plants in California.
Scott Wanek, the western regional chief ranger for the National Park Service, said he believes that the eradication efforts have touched only a small portion of the marijuana farms and that the environmental impact is much greater than anyone knows.
By the numbers
700 Number of grow sites found on federal land in California in 2007-08
2.2 million Plants uprooted so far this year in California — 20,000 in Yosemite National Park and 43,000 in Sequoia and Kings Canyon parks
1.5 pounds Amount of fertilizers and pesticides used for every 11.5 plants
