LIBREVILLE, Gabon — Omar Bongo, the world’s longest-serving president whose 42-year rule of Gabon was a throwback to an era when Africa was ruled by “Big Men,” died Monday. He was 73.
The government responded to Bongo’s death at a hospital in Spain by closing Gabon’s international airport and the nation’s land and sea borders. Security forces took up positions in front of government buildings and electrical installations in Libreville, the capital.
People rushed home after the news was announced, causing traffic jams. Some residents could be seen hurrying out with empty bags, apparently to stock up on food in advance of possible store closures.
Gabon’s constitution calls for the Senate leader to assume power and organize presidential elections within 90 days of Bongo’s death. But there has been speculation that one of Bongo’s sons — who is defense minister — would try to seize power upon his father’s death, as happened in nearby Togo.
Since the head of state had checked into the Spanish hospital last month, Gabonese officials had aggressively denied that he was ill, insisting he had gone to Spain to observe “a period of mourning” following the death of his wife.
Bongo, who was believed to be one of the world’s wealthiest leaders, became the longest-ruling head of government — a category that does not include the monarchs of Britain and Thailand — when Cuba’s Fidel Castro handed power to his brother last year.
Bongo had kept a tight grip on power in the oil-rich former French colony since he became president in 1967, and his ruling party has dominated parliament for decades.
Opposition parties were only allowed in 1990, amid a wave of pro-democracy protests.
Elections since then have been marred by allegations of rigging and unrest. In 2003, parliament — dominated by his supporters — removed presidential term limits from the constitution.
While most Gabonese genuinely feared Bongo and there was little opposition, many accepted his rule because he had kept his country remarkably peaceful.
Bongo, meanwhile, amassed a fortune that made him one of the world’s richest men, according to Freedom House, a private Washington-based democracy watchdog organization, although nobody really knows how much he was worth.
Born Albert Bernard Bongo on Dec. 30, 1935, the youngest of 12 children, Bongo served as a lieutenant in the French Air Force, then climbed quickly through the civil service, eventually becoming vice president. He assumed the presidency Dec. 2, 1967, after the death of Leon M’Ba, the country’s only other head of state since independence from France in 1960.
