DURBAN, South Africa — A U.N. climate conference reached a hard- fought agreement early today on a complex and far-reaching program meant to set a new course for the global fight against climate change for the coming decades.
The 194-party conference agreed to start negotiations on a new accord that would put all countries under the same legal regime enforcing commitments to control greenhouse gases. It would take effect by 2020 at the latest.
The deal also set up the bodies that will collect, govern and distribute tens of billions of dollars a year to poor countries to help them adapt to changing climate conditions and to move toward low-carbon economic growth.
Currently, only industrial countries have legally binding emissions targets under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. Those commitments expire next year, but they will be extended for another five years under the accord adopted today.
The United States was a reluctant supporter, concerned about agreeing to join an international climate system that likely would find much opposition in Congress.
“This is a very significant package. None of us likes everything in it,” said U.S. climate envoy Todd Stern. But the package captured important advances that would be undone if it is rejected, he told the delegates.
The breakthrough capped 13 days of hectic negotiations that ran a day and a half over schedule, including two round-the-clock days that left negotiators bleary-eyed and stumbling with words. Delegates were seen nodding off in the final plenary session, despite the high drama, barely constrained emotions and uncertainty whether the talks would end in triumph or total collapse.
The nearly fatal issue involved the legal nature of the accord that will govern carbon emissions by the turn of the next decade.
A plan put forward by the European Union sought strong language that would bind all countries equally to carry out their emissions commitments.
India led the objectors, saying it wanted a less rigorous option. Environment Minister Jayanthi Natarajan argued that the EU proposal undermined the 20-year-old principle that developing countries have less responsibility than the industrial nations that caused the global warming problem through 200 years of pollution.
“This is not about India. This is about the world,” she said in angry tones. “Does climate change mean you give up equity? What is the problem with adding one more option? What is the problem?”
The debate ran past midnight and grew increasingly tense as speakers lined up almost evenly on one side or the other. Conference president Maite Nkoana-Mashabane, who is South Africa’s foreign minister, called a recess and told the EU and Indian delegates to put their heads together and come up with a compromise formula.
About the agreement
Delegates at the U.N. climate conference:
• Adopted an instrument governing a “Green Climate Fund,” which is aimed at helping channel as much as $100 billion a year in aid by 2020 to developing nations.
• Agreed to measures on protecting forests, inviting nations by March 5 to submit views on how to finance those programs.
• Developed an “adaptation committee”to help developing nations cope with the impact of climate change. It set out where its directors will come from.
• Suggested ways to streamline technology transfer to developing nations and ways to build the skills and capacity for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions there.
• Established guidelines and procedures for nations reporting their emissions to the UN.
Bloomberg News
