Tour de France champion Floyd Landis’ results on a urine test that spots elevated levels of performance-enhancing testosterone are a mystery and “don’t add up,” a leading doping expert said Thursday.
Landis’ team announced Thursday that his urine sample last week showed “an unusual level of testosterone/epites tos terone.”
Testosterone creams, pills and injections can build muscle and strength and improve recovery time after exertion when used over a period of several weeks, according to Dr. Gary Wadler, a member of the World Anti-Doping Agency and a spokesman for the American College of Sports Medicine.
But if Landis had been a user, earlier urine tests during the Tour would have been affected, too, Wadler said. Landis’ first reported abnormal result was July 20, after his amazing come- from-behind performance in stage 17 of the race.
One-time use of steroids could result in an abnormal test, but it would have no effect on performance and could not account for Landis’ astounding feat, “so something’s missing here,” Wadler said. “It just doesn’t add up.”
The test detects both testosterone and a related steroid called epitestosterone, which is not performance-enhancing.
Both are produced by the body and are also made in synthetic form.
There is no medical use for synthetic epitestosterone; it is used “to cheat drug tests,” said Charles Yesalis, a retired Pennsylvania State University professor and doping expert.
In most people, the ratio between testosterone and epitestosterone is 1-to-1 and up to 2-to-1. The World Anti-Doping Agency considers a ratio of greater than 4-1 to be improper.
Some men have naturally occurring high levels of testosterone or epitestosterone or both, but there is a sophisticated lab test called a carbon isotope ratio test that is often used to detect synthetic forms.
Alcohol – Landis said he drank Jack Daniels and beer the night before stage 17 – can influence testosterone-epitestosterone levels, but more often in women than in men and it would be unlikely to have a huge effect, Wadler said.
