Kabul, Afghanistan – Afghanistan’s last king, a symbol of unity who oversaw four decades of peace before a 1973 palace coup ousted him and war shattered his country, died Monday. He was 92.
Mohammad Zahir Shah’s demise ended the last vestige of Afghanistan’s monarchy and triggered three days of national mourning for a man still feted as the “Father of the Nation” since his return from exile after the 2001 ouster of the Taliban.
Though he was not always effective during his 40-year reign, Zahir Shah is remembered warmly by his conflict-weary countrymen for steering the country without bloodshed.
When the fall of the Taliban in 2001 offered fresh hope for national reconciliation, many clamored for Zahir Shah’s return – not only to his homeland but to the throne.
When he did come back from Italy in April 2002, he stood aside in favor of an anti-Taliban tribesman, now-President Hamid Karzai.
A new constitution passed in January 2004 consigned the monarchy to history, with Zahir Shah named the ceremonial Father of the Nation, a position that dissolves with his death.
The exact cause of his passing was not released.
Karzai said Afghanistan would observe three days of mourning for the king, whose body will lie in state at a mosque in Kabul and then be taken by carriage to a hilltop tomb. His funeral was scheduled for today.
Born Oct. 15, 1914, Zahir Shah was proclaimed monarch in 1933 at age 19 within hours of the death of his father, King Muhammad Nadir Shah, who was assassinated before his eyes.
Zahir Shah was not a dynamic ruler, with uncles and cousins holding the real power during most of his reign. But his neutral foreign policy and limited liberalization of a deeply conservative society managed to keep the peace – a golden age in the eyes of many Afghans pained by the extremism and slaughter that followed.
In Washington, President Bush called Zahir Shah “a monumental figure in Afghan history.”
