WASHINGTON — The United States and India signed an accord Friday that allows American businesses to sell nuclear fuel, technology and reactors to India, reversing a three-decade ban on atomic trade with the fast-growing nuclear-armed Asian power.
The U.S.-Indian civilian nuclear cooperation agreement, the result of three years of often frustrating political and diplomatic wrangling, marks a major shift in U.S. policy toward India after decades of mutual wariness. India has faced a nuclear trade ban since its first atomic test in 1974 and has refused to sign nonproliferation accords.
“This is truly a historic occasion,” Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice told a crowd gathered for the signing ceremony in the State Department’s ornate Benjamin Franklin Room. “Many thought this day would never come, but doubts have been silenced now.”
The two countries “now stand as equals, closer together than ever before,” said Rice, with India’s foreign minister, Pranab Mukherjee, sitting by her side.
The Bush administration portrays the accord as the cornerstone of a new strategic relationship with a friendly democracy that borders China and Pakistan and that supporters hail as a responsible nuclear power.
India’s government hopes the deal will bring a source of desperately needed energy as it works to lift millions out of poverty.
Mukherjee said his country looks forward to working with American companies eager to enter India’s multibillion-dollar nuclear market. More access to nuclear power, he said, also will boost India’s industry and rural development and help every sector of the economy grow.
He called the accord a sign “of the transformed relationship and partnership that our two countries are building together.”
Indian critics say the pact could cap the country’s nuclear weapons program and allow the United States to dictate Indian foreign policy.
U.S. lawmakers opposed to the plan have said it ruins the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the global agreement that provides civilian nuclear trade in exchange for a pledge from nations not to pursue nuclear weapons and which India refuses to sign.
The accord marks a rare foreign policy victory for Bush in his final months in office.
