JOHANNESBURG, South Africa — Hundreds of immigrants boarded crowded buses for Mozambique and other African nations Thursday, passing bags and babies through the windows in a rush to flee violent attacks against outsiders that have left 42 dead.
But many other immigrants — drawn to South Africa by hopes of a better life — say they have nowhere to run despite violence that has forced more than 25,000 from their homes.
South Africa’s poorest have increasingly come to blame migrants from Zimbabwe and other African countries for domestic problems such as crime and unemployment. The frustration boiled over two weeks ago, when mobs tore through the slums of Johannesburg, leaving foreign victims burned alive, stabbed, shot or beaten to death.
In a bid to tamp down the violence, South Africa put soldiers on the streets of its commercial hub Thursday — the first time since the end of apartheid that the military has been deployed in Johannesburg.
The milestone has dredged up unhappy memories of South Africa’s racist legacy. Speaking to reporters Thursday, police minister Charles Nqakula recalled the era when the white government used troops to quell anti-apartheid protests.
“One of the cries during that time was that we did not want the army in our townships,” he said, adding its role now would be limited to supporting police.
Before dawn, infantry battalion soldiers set up a cordon as police made early morning sweeps on three downtown Johannesburg hostels whose residents allegedly were involved in inciting violence.
The police made 28 arrests and seized drugs, firearms and stolen property, police spokeswoman Sally de Beer said.
The violence has started to subside, but foreigners in South Africa remain wary.
The number sheltering at police stations, churches and other makeshift camps for those displaced by the violence has swollen to 25,000, and officials were setting up tent cities for them, a sign the crisis was not expected to ease soon.
Two burned bodies were found Thursday in the Ramaphosa slum outside Johannesburg where mobs set shacks on fire. Incidents of anti-immigrant violence also were reported elsewhere in the country.
Dzidzah Masiiwa, a Zimbabwean painter, said he spent three nights in the relative sanctuary of the police station in the township of Alexandra. He reluctantly returned to his shack Wednesday but said he didn’t feel safe.
“It’s scary. I think maybe they will come back to attack me,” he said.
