PHOENIX—Arizona’s appeals court on Thursday upheld the conviction of an illegal immigrant prosecuted as a conspirator under the state’s human-smuggling law.
The court found that the law’s wording is clear and unambiguous—illegal immigrants can be convicted for conspiracy to smuggle themselves into the country.
The defendant, Mexican citizen Juan Barragan-Sierra, had argued that the Arizona Legislature didn’t intend to punish anyone but smugglers when it passed the law.
The 2005 law made it a state crime to smuggle humans, already a federal crime.
But under a disputed interpretation by Maricopa County Attorney Andrew Thomas, the smuggled immigrants themselves have been charged and convicted of violating the law as conspirators. Convictions can bring up to two years in prison.
Barragan-Sierra, 23, had admitted paying a smuggler $2,000 to be taken into the U.S. in June 2006.
“A person may commit conspiracy to commit an offense—in this case, human smuggling—even if he cannot be convicted of the offense itself,” according to the ruling. “When appellant agreed to be transported illegally into the United States from San Luis, Mexico for a $2,000 fee, followed a person across the border through the desert on foot, and hid in a van and a truck as the group traveled north through Maricopa County, where he was stopped and arrested, he met all of the elements of conspiracy to commit human smuggling.”
The appellate court also disagreed with Barragan-Sierra’s contention that federal immigration law pre-empts the state law. The court said states’ police powers encompass human smuggling, and Arizona’s law isn’t trying to regulate immigration—a federal concern.
Calls to Thomas and Barragan-Sierra’s attorney were not immediately returned Thursday afternoon.
