Atlanta – An influential U.S. medical panel is considering changes to the medical guidelines for how much weight a woman should gain during pregnancy.
It’s acting on the insistence of doctors who say that heavy moms are gaining too much weight and that the current recommendations do not factor in the country’s obesity epidemic.
Carrying too much weight while pregnant increases the risk of complications for mother and baby, including birth defects, labor and delivery problems, fetal death, and delivery of large babies, according to the March of Dimes.
A revision is long overdue, said Dr. Raul Artal of the Saint Louis University School of Medicine.
“The reality is, for too long we are telling pregnant women to take it easy during pregnancy, be confined and to eat for two,” he said. “This has been one factor in causing the epidemic of overweight and obesity that we see in our country.”
This fall, the Institute of Medicine, a private organization that advises the federal government, is expected to begin the lengthy process of gathering scientific evidence to decide whether the guidelines should be changed, said spokeswoman Christine Stencel.
“The decision ultimately should be driven by real data … but most of us think overall the weight-gain recommendations are too high and particularly for women who have high body mass indexes to begin with,” said Dr. Charles Longwood of Yale University School of Medicine.
Under the institute’s 1990 guidelines, those with a “normal” body mass index – a combination of height and weight – were encouraged to gain 25 to 35 pounds. Women with a higher BMI have a lower target – 15 pounds only for the most obese women. Women with a lower BMI should gain more weight during pregnancy – up to 40 pounds.
A study in the April issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology suggested that the current guidelines may raise the risk of mothers having overweight toddlers. Women in the study who followed the IOM’s recommendations ran four times the risk of having a child who was overweight at age 3, compared with women who gained less than the advised amount.
Other countries, including Britain and France, have similar advice for pregnant women and weight gain. In Japan, doctors recommend a weight gain of about 10 pounds less than U.S. guidelines.
Dr. Patrick Catalano of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland said the original guidelines were created to make sure babies weren’t born small.
