RENO, Nev. — The World War II-era plane that plummeted into an air-race crowd like a missile bore little resemblance to its original self. It was rebuilt for speed, if not for stability.
The 65-year-old Galloping Ghost underwent years of massive overhauls that took 10 feet off its wingspan before Friday’s crash. The ailerons — the back edges of the main wings used to control balance — were cut from about 60 inches to 32.
Pilot Jimmy Leeward had said the changes made the P-51 Mustang faster and more maneuverable, but he wasn’t certain exactly how it would perform.
“I know it’ll do the speed,” he said in a podcast uploaded to YouTube in June. “The systems aren’t proven yet. We think they’re going to be OK.”
Investigators don’t yet know what caused the plane to pitch sharply into the crowd at the National Championship Air Races in Reno, killing nine people, including Leeward, and injuring dozens. They have focused on the “elevator trim tab” — a piece of the tail that helps the aircraft maintain lift and appeared to break off before the crash.
In the bravado-filled world of air racing, pilots go for broke, hitting speeds of 500 mph. Leeward is the 20th pilot to die at the air races since they began 47 years ago, but Friday’s crash was the first in which spectators were killed.
“Pilots are a special breed of confident, intelligent, driven perfectionists,” said Ken Quick, a commercial airline pilot and a crew member for one of the teams that raced Friday. “They know what they do is dangerous and demanding, and they eagerly embrace both.”
Leeward had said the plane underwent several years of modifications before Friday’s race, including lopping 5 feet off each wing, but he hadn’t revealed many of the specifics. In the podcast, he called some of the changes “extremely radical,” compared some to systems on the space shuttle and explained that he had increased the plane’s speed capabilities to be more like those of a modern fighter jet.
“To control the airplane in the wind, and in different circumstances if anything happens, you need those types of speeds. You need jet speeds,” he said.
Leeward was rounding a bend at dizzying speed Friday when his plane took an oddly upward pitch, narrowly missing the packed grandstand. It then twirled a few hundred feet off the ground and nose-dived into a section of VIP box seats, blasting out a 3-foot-deep, 8-foot-wide crater in a hail of metal, chairs and body parts.
Noah Joraanstad was blown off his feet as he tried to run away. Shrapnel hit his back, and he was covered in aviation fuel that burned his skin as spectators tried to wash it off.
From his bed Sunday at Northern Nevada Medical Center, where nine stitches were put in his head, Joraanstad, 25, said that when he looked back, the plane was gone.
“The biggest pieces I could see, it looked like just someone sprinkled Legos in every direction,” said the commercial pilot from Alaska.
Officials said 69 people were treated at hospitals, including 36 who have been released. Nine remained in critical condition Sunday. Only two of the spectators killed had been identified by Sunday afternoon: Michael Wogan, 22, of Scottsdale, Ariz., and Greg Morcom of Washington state.
Memory cards that may have come from the plane were found at the scene. The Galloping Ghost had a camera that faced outward, and the National Transportation Safety Board said the cards will be analyzed to see whether there is any video.
Federal Aviation Administration spokesman Ian Gregor said officials thoroughly vet all aircraft modifications before the planes are allowed to race. Reno Air Race Association technical experts also examine them.
NTSB spokesman Terry Williams said his agency would look into the oversight of modifications to Leeward’s plane.
Pilots were competing for a total of about $1 million in prize money, but Ray Sherwood of Placerville, Calif., who raced at Reno from 1986 to 2005, said the sport is really about the thrill. He said a P-51 like Leeward’s would cost about $2.5 million.
“You can’t make any money racing airplanes. It’s too expensive to buy and maintain them,” Sherwood said.
